VB.NET Arrays

An array is a linear data structure that is a collection of data elements of the same type stored on a contiguous memory location. Each data item is called an element of the array. It is a fixed size of sequentially arranged elements in computer memory with the first element being at index 0 and the last element at index n - 1, where n represents the total number of elements in the array.

The following is an illustrated representation of similar data type elements defined in the VB.NET array data structure.

In the above diagram, we store the Integer type data elements in an array starting at index 0. It will continue to store data elements up to a defined number of elements.

Declaration of VB.NET Array

We can declare an array by specifying the data of the elements followed by parentheses () in the VB.NET.

In the above declaration, array_name is the name of an array, and the Data_Type represents the type of element (Integer, char, String, Decimal) that will to store contiguous data elements in the VB.NET array.

Now, let us see the example to declare an array.

'Store only Integer values
Dim num As Integer() or Dim num(5) As Integer
'Store only String values
Dim name As String() or Dim name(5) As String
' Store only Double values
Dim marks As Double()

Initialization of VB.NET Array

In VB.NET, we can initialize an array with New keyword at the time of declaration. For example,

'Declaration and Initialization of an array elements with size 6
Dim num As Integer() = New Integer(5) { }
Dim num As Integer() = New Integer(5) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 
Initialize an array with 5 elements that indicates the size of an array
Dim arr_name As Integer() = New Integer() {5, 10, 5, 20, 15}
Declare an array
Dim array1 As Char()
array1 = New Char() {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'}

Furthermore, we can also initialize and declare an array using the following ways, as shown below.

Dim intData() As Integer = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Dim intData(5) As Integer
Dim array_name() As String = {"Peter", "John", "Brock", "James", "Maria"}
Dim misc() as Object = {"Hello friends", 16c, 12ui, "A"c}
Dim Emp(0 to 2) As String
Emp{0} = "Mathew"
Emp(1) = " Anthony"
Emp(2) = "Prince"

Let's create a program to add the elements of an array in VB.NET programming language.

num_Array.vb

Imports System
Module num_Array
    Sub Main()
        Dim i As Integer, Sum As Integer = 0
        'In VB.NET the size of an array is n+1
        'Declaration and Initialization of marks() array
        Dim marks() As Integer = {58, 68, 95, 50, 23, 89}
        Console.WriteLine(" Marks in 6 Subjects")
        For i = 0 To marks.Length - 1
            Console.WriteLine(" Marks {0}", marks(i))
            Sum = Sum + marks(i)
        Next
        Console.WriteLine(" Grand total is {0}", Sum)

        Console.WriteLine(" Press any key to exit...")
        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub
End Module

Output:

In the above program, we create an integer array with name marks() and define a For loop to access each item of the array marks.

Input number in VB.NET Array

Let's create a program to take input values from the user and display them in VB.NET programming language.

Input_array.vb

Imports System
Module Input_array
    Sub Main()
        'Definition of array
        Dim arr As Integer() = New Integer(5) {}
        For i As Integer = 0 To 5
            Console.WriteLine(" Enter the value for arr[{0}] : ", i)
            arr(i) = Console.ReadLine()  ' Accept the number in array 
        Next
        Console.WriteLine(" The array elements are : ")
' Definition of For loop
        For j As Integer = 0 To 5

            Console.WriteLine("{0}", arr(j))
        Next

        Console.WriteLine(" Press any key to exit...")
        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub
End Module

Output:

Multidimensional Array

In VB.NET, a multidimensional array is useful for storing more than one dimension in a tabular form, such as rows and columns. The multidimensional array support two or three dimensional in VB.NET.

Declaration of Multidimensional Array

Declaration of two-dimensional array
Dim twoDimenArray As Integer( , ) = New Integer(3, 2) {}
Or Dim arr(5, 3) As Integer
Representation of Three Dimensional array
Dim arrThree(2, 4, 3) As Integer
Or Dim arr1 As Integer( , , ) = New Integer(5, 5, 5) { }

In the above representation of multidimensional, we have created 2-dimensional array twoDimenArray with 3 rows and 2 columns and 3-dimensional array with three dimensions 2, 4, and 3.

Initialization of Multidimensional Array

The following ways to initialize the multidimensional array:

' Initialization of Two Dimensional Array
Dim intArray As Integer( , ) = New Integer( 3, 2) { {4, 5}, {2, 3}, {6, 7} }
Dim intArray( , ) As Integer = {  {5, 4}, {3, 2}, {4, 7} }
' Initialization of Three Dimensional Array
Dim threeDimen(3, 3, 2 ) As Integer = { {{1, 3, 2}, {2, 3, 4}}, {{5, 3, 6}, {3, 4, 5}}, {{1, 2, 2}, {5, 2, 3} }} 

Multidimensional Array Example

Let's create a program to understand the multidimensional array.

MultidimenArray.vb

Imports System
Module MultidimenArray
    Sub Main()
        ' Definition of 2 Dimensional Array
        Dim intArray(,) As Integer = {{5, 4}, {3, 2}, {4, 7}, {4, 5}}

        ' Definition of 3 Dimensional Array
        Dim threeDimen(,,) As Integer =
            {{{1, 3, 2}, {2, 3, 4}},
            {{5, 3, 6}, {3, 4, 5}},
        {{1, 2, 2}, {5, 2, 3}}}

        Console.WriteLine(" Two Dimensional Arraye in VB.NET are")
        For i As Integer = 0 To 3
            For j As Integer = 0 To 1
                Console.WriteLine("intArray[{0}, {1}] = {2}", i, j, intArray(i, j))
            Next j
        Next i

        Console.WriteLine(" Three Dimensional Arraye in VB.NET are")
        For i As Integer = 0 To 2 - 1
            For j As Integer = 0 To 2 - 1
                For k As Integer = 0 To 4
                    Console.WriteLine("intArray[{0}, {1}, {2}] = {3}", i, j, k, threeDimen(i, j, k))
                Next k
            Next j
        Next i

        Console.WriteLine(" Press any key to exit...")
        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub
End Module

Output:

Fixed Size Array

In VB.NET, a fixed- size array is used to hold a fixed number of elements in memory. It means that we have defined the number of elements in the array declaration that will remain the same during the definition of the elements, and its size cannot be changed. For example, we need to hold only 5 names in an array; it can be defined and initialized in the array such as,

Dim names( 0 to 4) As String
names(0) = "Robert"
names(1) = "Henry"
names(2) = "Rock"
names(3) = "James"
names(4) = "John"

The above representation of the fixed array is that we have defined a string array names 0 to 4, which stores all the elements in the array from 0 to index 4.

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